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"Appropriate Methods for Reducing Lead Paint Hazards" an Historic Preservation Brief September 6, 2008


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Appropriate Methods for Reducing Lead Paint Hazards
in Historic Housing

Sharon C. Park, AIA, and Douglas C. Hicks
Appropriate Methods for Reducing Lead Paint Hazards

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Introduction

Lead in Historic Paints

Planning for Lead Hazard Reduction in Historic Housing

Appropriate Methods for Controlling Lead Hazards

Maintenance after Hazard Control Treatment

Conclusion

Action Levels

Lead-Based Paint Legislation

Worker Safety

Selected Reading

Glossary of Terms

Acknowledgements


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ACTION LEVELS

Readers should become familiar with terminology and basic levels that trigger concern and/or action. Check with the appropriate authorities if you have questions and to verify applicable action levels which may change over time.

Blood lead levels: Generally from drawn blood and not a finger stick test which can be unreliable. Units are measured in micrograms per deciliter (ug/dl) and reflect the 1995 standards from the Centers of Disease Control:

Children:

10 ug/dl; level of concern; find source of lead

15 ug/dl and above; intervention, counseling, medical monitoring.

20 ug/dl and above; medical treatment

Adults:

25 ug/dl; level of concern; find source of lead

50 ug/dl ; OSHA standard for medical removal from the worksite

Lead in paint: Differing methods report results in differing units. Lead is considered a potential hazard if above the following levels, but can be a hazard at lower levels, if improperly handled. These are the current numbers as identified by the Department of Housing and Urban Development (1995):

Lab analysis of samples:

5,000 milligram per kilogram (mg/kg) or 5,000 parts per million (ppm), or

0.5% lead by weight.

XRF reading: in milligram per centimeter squared

1 mg/cm2

Lead dust wipe test: in micrograms per square foot

Floors 100 ug/ft2;

Window sills 500 ug/ft2;

Window troughs 800 ug/ft2

Lead in soil: high contact bare play areas, listed as parts per million (ppm)

concern: 400 ppm

interim control 2,000 ppm

hazard abatement 5,000 ppm


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