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"Appropriate Methods for Reducing Lead Paint Hazards" an Historic Preservation Brief December 1, 2008


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Appropriate Methods for Reducing Lead Paint Hazards
in Historic Housing

Sharon C. Park, AIA, and Douglas C. Hicks
Appropriate Methods for Reducing Lead Paint Hazards

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Introduction

Lead in Historic Paints

Planning for Lead Hazard Reduction in Historic Housing

        Identify the historical significance

        Undertake a risk assessment of interior and exterior surfaces

        Evaluate options for hazard control

              Interim Controls

              Hazard Abatement

Appropriate Methods for Controlling Lead Hazards

        Historic Interiors (deteriorating paint and chewed surfaces)

        Lead-dust on interior finishes

        Soil/landscape

        Deteriorating paint on exteriors

        Friction Surfaces

        Accessible, projecting, mouthable surfaces

        Impact Surfaces

        Other surfaces

Maintenance after Hazard Control Treatment

Conclusion

Action Levels

        Blood lead levels

              Children

              Adults

        Lead in paint

              Lab analysis of samples

        XRF reading

        Lead dust wipe test

              Floors

              Window sills

              Window troughs

        Lead in soil

              Concern

              Interim control

              Hazard abatement

Lead-Based Paint Legislation

        Federal Legislation

              Title X (Ten) Residential Lead-Based Paint Hazard Reduction Act of 1992

              Interim Final Regulations of Lead in Construction Standards (29CFR 1926.62)

              Toxic Substance Control Act; Title IV

        State Laws

        Local Ordinances

        Owner's Responsibility

Worker Safety

Selected Reading

Glossary of Terms

        Deteriorated Lead-Based Paint

        Dust Removal

        Hazard Abatement

        Hazard Control

        Interim Control

        Lead-based Paint

        Lead-safe

        Risk Assessment

Acknowledgements


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Acknowledgements

Sharon C. Park, AIA, is the Senior Historical Architect for the Preservation Assistance Division of the National Park Service. Douglas C. Hicks is the Deputy Chief of the Williamsport Preservation Training Center of the National Park Service. Both authors served on the National Park Service Housing Task Force addressing lead-safe employee housing and on various national panels to discuss combining lead-safe housing, worker safety, and historic preservation concerns.

Kay D. Weeks was technical editor for this publication project. The project was completed under the direction of H. Ward Jandl, Deputy Chief, Preservation Assistance Division. The authors also wish to thank the following individuals for providing technical information or for supplying case study projects: Claudia Kavenagh, Building Conservation Associates, Inc; David E. Jacobs, Armand C. Magnelli, National Center for Lead-Safe Housing; Ellis Goldman, William Wisner, and Catherine Hillard, HUD Office of Lead-Based Paint Abatement; Ellis Schmidlapp, Landmarks Design Associates (Pittsburg, PA); Crispus Attucks Community Development Corporation (York, PA); Charlene Dwin Vaughn and Rebecca

Rogers, the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation; George Siekkinen, National Trust for Historic Preservation; Deborah Birch, Einhorn Yaffee Prescott Architects; Baird M. Smith and Quinn Evans Architects; Jack Waite, Messick Cohen Waite Architects; Jim Caufield, Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission; Mike Jackson, Illinois Historic Preservation; Martha Raymond, Ohio Historic Preservation Division; Susan Chandler, Connecticut Historic Commission; Steade Craigo, California Office of Historic Preservation; Christopher Jones, Rocky Mountain Regional Office, NPS; Rebecca Shiffer and Kathleen Catalano Milley, Mid-Atlantic Regional Office, NPS; Peggy Albee, North Atlantic Regional Office, Cultural Resources Center, NPS; Victoria Jacobson, AIA, Mt. Rainier National Park; E. Blaine Cliver, Anne E. Grimmer, Thomas C. Jester, Michael J. Auer, Charles A. Birnbaum, ASLA, and Charles E. Fisher of the Preservation Assistance Division, the National Park Service, and Thomas McGrath, Williamsport Preservation Training Center.

Washington, D.C. April, 1995


This publication has been prepared pursuant to the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, which directs the Secretary of the Interior to develop and make available information concerning historic properties. Technical Preservation Services (TPS), Heritage Preservation Services Division, National Park Service prepares standards, guidelines, and other educational materials on responsible historic preservation treatments for a broad public.



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