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"Exterior Paint Problems" an Historic Preservation Brief December 1, 2008


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Exterior Paint Problems
on Historic Woodwork

Kay D. Weeks and David W. Look, AIA
Exterior Paint Problems

What's in this article



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Introduction

Purposes of Exterior Paint

Treating Paint Problems

Justification for Paint Removal

Paint Removal Precautions

Repainting Historic Buildings for Cosmetic Reasons

Identification of Exterior Paint Surface Conditions

Recommended Treatments

        CLASS I conditions

              Dirt, Soot, Pollution, Cobwebs, Insect Cocoons, etc.

                    Cause of Condition

                    Recommended Treatment

              Mildew

                    Cause of Condition

                    Recommended Treatment

              Excessive Chalking

                    Cause of Condition

                    Recommended Treatment

              Staining

                    Cause of Condition

                    Recommended Treatment

        CLASS II Exterior Surface Conditions

              Crazing

                    Cause of Condition

                    Recommended Treatment

              Intercoat Peeling

                    Cause of Condition

                    Recommended Treatment

              Solvent Blistering

                    Cause of Condition

                    Recommended Treatment

              Wrinkling

                    Cause of Condition

                    Recommended Treatment

        CLASS III Exterior Surface Conditions

              Peeling

                    Cause of Condition

                    Recommended Treatment

              Cracking/Alligatoring

                    Cause of Condition

                    Recommended Treatment

Selecting the Appropriate/Safest Method to Remove Paint

        Methods for Removing Paint

              Abrasive Methods (Manual)

                    Recommended Abrasive Methods (Manual)

                          Putty Knife/Paint Scraper

                          Sandpaper/Sanding Block/Sanding sponge

                    Summary of Abrasive Methods (Manual)

              Abrasive Methods (Mechanical)

                    Recommended Abrasive Methods (Mechanical)

                          Orbital sander

                          Belt sander

                    Methods Not Recommended

                          Rotary Drill Attachments

                          Waterblasting

                          Sandblasting

                    Summary of Abrasive Methods (Mechanical)

              Thermal Methods

                    Recommended Thermal Methods

                          Electric heat plate

                          Electric heat gun

                    Thermal Methods Not Recommended

                          Blow Torch

                    Summary of Thermal Methods

              Chemical Methods

                    Recommended Chemical Methods

                          Solvent-base Strippers

                          Caustic strippers

              Summary of Chemical Methods

General Paint Type Recommendations

Conclusion

Selected Reading

Acknowledgements


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Selected Reading

Batcheler, Penelope Hartshorne, "Paint Color Research and Restoration." Technical Leaflet 15. Nashville: American Association for State and Local History (undated).

"Danger: Restoration May Be Hazardous to Your Health." The Old House Journal. Vol. 4, No. 5 (May 1976), pp. 911.

Gola, Edward F. "Avoiding Mistakes in Exterior Painting." The Old House Journal. Vol. 4, No. 6 (June 1976), pp. 1, 45.

"How to Assure a Satisfactory Paint Job." Scientific Section: Circular 784. Washington, DC: National Paint, Varnish and Lacquer Association (undated).

Labine, Clem. "Selecting the Best Exterior Paint." The Old House Journal. Vol. 4, No. 7 (July 1976), pp. 1, 1011.

Morton, W. Brown III and Hume, Gary L. The Secretary of the Interior's Standards for Historic Preservation Projects with Guidelines for Applying the Standards. Washington, DC: Department of Interior, 1979.

Paint Problem Solver. St. Louis: National Decorating Products Association, 1980.

"Special Issue: Exterior Painting." The Old House Journal. Vol. 4, No. 4 (April 1981), pp. 7194.

Thorsen, John W. "Hazardous Waste: What is it? How to Handle it." Professional Decorating & Coating Action. Vol. 43, No. 4 (September 1981), pp. 45.

Acknowledgements

Special thanks go to Baird M. Smith, AIA (formerly Chief, Preservation Technology Branch, TPS) for providing general direction in the development of the manuscript. In addition, the following individuals are to be thanked for their contributions as technical experts in the field: Royal T. Brown, National Paint and Coatings Association, Washington, D.C.; Dr. Judith E. Selwyn, Preservation Technology Associates, Boston, Massachusetts; and Dennis R. Vacca, Pratt & Lambert Co., Carlstadt, New Jersey. Finally, thanks go to several National Park Service staff members whose valuable comments were incorporated into the text and who contributed to the production of the brief: James A. Caufield, Anne E. Grimmer, Jean E. Travers, David G. Battle, Sharon C. Park, AIA, Charles E. Fisher III, Sara K. Blumenthal, and Martha A. Gutrick. The peeling paint photo used as the logo is provided, courtesy, John Leeke, Preservation Consultant, 2001, and is copyrighted.

Washington, D.C. September, 1982



This publication has been prepared pursuant to the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, which directs the Secretary of the Interior to develop and make available information concerning historic properties. Technical Preservation Services (TPS), Heritage Preservation Services Division, National Park Service prepares standards, guidelines, and other educational materials on responsible historic preservation treatments for a broad public.



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