NOTES

(1) Bill Evans and Andrew Lawson, Shopfronts. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1981, p. 109, 114.

(2) Charles L.H. Wagner, The Story of Signs: An Outline History of the Sign Arts from Earliest Recorded Times to the Present "Atomic Age". Boston: Arthur MacGibbon, 1954, p. 37.

(3) Rudi Stern, Let There Be Neon. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. 1979, p. 19.

(4) See Robert Venturi, Denise Scott Brown, and Steven Izenour, Learning from Las Vegas. Rev. ed. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1977.

(5) George H. Kramer, "Preserving Historic Signs in the Commercial Landscape: The Impact of Regulation." (Unpublished Masters Thesis: University of Oregon, 1989), p. 15. This section on sign regulation is heavily indebted to this work. See especially Chapter 2, History of Sign Regulation and Chapter 3, Mechanics of Sign Regulation, pp. 7-60.

(6) Berman v. Parker involved the condemnation of an older building for an urban renewal project. The decision "ironically would prove to be a major spur to a new wave of local preservation laws...." Christopher J. Duerksen, ed. A Handbook on Historic Preservation Law. Washington, D.C.: The Conservation Foundation and The National Center for Preservation Law, 1983, p. 7.

(7) A balanced approach to sign controls is offered by Peter H. Phillips, "Sign Controls for Historic Signs," PAS Memo, November 1988. (Published by American Planning Association, Washington, D.C.).

(8) See John Tymoski, "Porcelain Enamel: The Sign Industry's Most Durable Material," Signs of the Times, December 1990, pp. 6671. For goldleaf, see October 1984 and November 1990 special issues of Signs of the Times. An excellent short "course" in neon evaluation is offered in "Neon: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly," by Paul R. Davis, Identity, Spring 1991, pp. 5659.